Texas Attorney General & Senior Citizens

Many senior citizens are taken advantage of by con artists. Office of the Texas Attorney General www.oag.state.tx.us Main switchboard 512-463-2100 Consumer Protection Hotline 800-621-0508

Houston Lawyer Referral Service

713-237-9429 or 1-800-289-HLRS www.hlrs.org In English & Spanish 8:30 - 4:30 Monday through Friday Many fine attorneys are not listed with the Houston Lawyer Referral Service but of their policies. I believe the initial consultation is $20 for the first 30 minutes. Be sure to have your questions ready to make best use of your 30 minute consultation.

The Work Source in Texas

www.theworksource.org

Some interesting websites

www.publicdata.com A website for public record searches. If you mention my name (FRAN BROCHSTEIN) I will receive some free searches, so PLEASE put my name in the referral space! The cost is approximately $25 for one year. www.howardnations.com A well-known website by Howard Nations, an attorney that was on the web when most of us did not know what the web was! He has hundred of links. Covers federal and state laws as well as general resources. www.mdconsult.com A fee-based site desigened to provide instant and thorough medical research to health care professionals. www.nlm.nih.gov Has many of the same databases as the one listed above but it's FREE National Library of Medicine www.law.cornell.edu Cornell University Law School maintaines a comprehensive legal resources on the web with many links sites all over the world. www.texaslawhelp.org One-stop resource for free and low-cost civil legal assistance in Texas. www.snopes.com urban legends www.searchsystem.net Worldwide free public records directory www.familylaw4u.com Fran Brochstein's website that lists many websites of interest to people in Texas with family law concerns

Order a Free Annual Credit Report

Please be sure to order a free credit report each year. www.annualcreditreport.com Federal Trade Commission www.ftc.gov Don't be surprised how different your 3 credit reports may appear. There are 3 major companies - Equifax, Experian and TransUnion. If you see any errors, you need to contest them. I personally had a negative entry on my report and I could not determine who the creditor was and I suspected it was an error. It took several attempts, but I was able to finally get it removed from my report. There were also duplicate entries of my law school loan so it appeared that I owed much more money than I actually owed. Again, I was able to get the duplicates off after writing the credit bureaus several times. I did not take "no" as an answer. I had my paperwork to show that I only had one student loan. A relative ran her report and found many errors since she has a very common name. I helped her fill out the forms and all of the incorrect information was removed on our first attempt. She thought I was a miracle worker. It enabled her to get a car loan at a very low interest rate with a higher credit rating. You do not need to hire a company to help you. You can do it yourself for free. Now most of it can be done via the internet. I highly recommend that you make a copy of each page if you do the forms on the internet.

Bill Ferguson & Divorcing as Friends

Bill Ferguson is a former divorce lawyer that has been lecturing, writing books and appearing on television and radio programs for over 20 years. He offers classes on STOP THE CONFLICT and DIVORCING AS FRIENDS. Bill lives in the Houston area. www.divorceasfriends.com He has developed a set of GROUND RULES FOR DIVORCE: (here is an except of his rules) 1. Accept the person -- the person is the way he or she is whether you like it or not. Accept the truth. 2. Be willing to feel your hurt - Let go of the hurt. 3. See your role in the problem - you cannot have a cycle of conflict with only one person -- it takes two! See how your actions fuel the conflict. 4. Don't hang on. Let the person go. 5. Let go of resentments and forgive -- Forgiveness will benefit you. 6. Be willing for anything to happen -- if you are fighting what is happening, you cannot see clearly and make clear decisions. 7. Don't Argue - Listen! Let the other person express their opinions openly and fully. Listen to what they are saying. You don't have to agree with them but you need to listen to their side of the story. 8. Find solutions that work for both of you. Fighting is unproductive. When you are committed to finding solutions that work for everyone, things will go much smoother for everyone. 9. Take every opportunity to heal your relationship. Be a friend and wish the other person well. I have Bill's tapes and books in my office for my clients that are interested in borrowing them and listening to them. I took Bill's classes when I divorced many years ago and I found them to be very helpful. But, his ideas will only work if you are willing to let go of the fighting and finger pointing. If a person decides that the pain is too great, then most people are willing to try something different.

What is neglectful supervision of a child?

What is neglectful supervision? Adults who are attentive and aware of children's behaviors are in the best position to safeguard their well-being. When children are not adequately supervised, it may be considered “neglectful supervision”, which means: Placing a child in or failing to remove a child from a situation that a reasonable person would realize requires judgment or actions beyond the child's level of maturity, physical condition or mental abilities and that results in bodily injury or substantial risk of immediate harm to the child. Neglectful supervision is also defined as: Placing a child in or failing to remove the child from a situation in which the child would be exposed to a substantial risk of sexual conduct harmful to the child. Neglectful supervision is definately one way to lose custody or have your visitation modified -- specially if your children are small.

Leaving a child in a car alone

Never leave a child in a motor vehicle for any length of time. If children are trapped inside cars, especially during seriously hot weather, it can result in heat exhaustion or heat stroke, leading to permanent disability or death in a matter of minutes. Heat stroke, also known as hyperthermia, can cause shock, seizures, irregular heartbeat, heart attack, and damage to the brain, liver, and kidneys. There is a law for leaving a child in a vehicle -- Texas Penal Code, Title 5, Chapter 22, Section 10 LEAVING A CHILD IN A VEHICLE. A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly leaves a child in a motor vehicle for longer than five minutes, knowing that the child is: younger than seven years of age; and not attended by an individual in the vehicle who is 14 years of age or older. An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor. I f the child is injured, the charge is then elevated to child endangerment, which is a felony. The penalties are six months to two years in jail and a fine up to $10,000. Leaving a child unattended in a car is also a form of neglectful supervision. What is neglectful supervision? Answer: Adults who are attentive and aware of children's behaviors are in the best position to safeguard their well-being. When children are not adequately supervised, it may be considered “neglectful supervision”, which means: Placing a child in or failing to remove a child from a situation that a reasonable person would realize requires judgment or actions beyond the child's level of maturity, physical condition or mental abilities and that results in bodily injury or substantial risk of immediate harm to the child. Neglectful supervision is also defined as: Placing a child in or failing to remove the child from a situation in which the child would be exposed to a substantial risk of sexual conduct harmful to the child.

How old must a child be to be left home alone?

How old must a child be to be left home alone? Answer: To my knowledge there is not one specific law that clearly and definately addresses that issue. Supervision of children is basic to the prevention of harm. Adequate supervision means an adult caregiver is accountable for the child's care. There are several factors that should be taken into consideration when deciding how closely to supervise a child, including: the age, emotional maturity and capability of the child; layout and safety of the home, play area, or other setting; neighborhood circumstances, hazards, and risks; the child's ability to respond to illness, fire, weather, or other types of emergencies; and whether the child has a mental, physical, or medical disability. The number of children left unsupervised, the accessibility to other responsible adults, the length of time or frequency with which the child is left alone, and the child's knowledge of the parent's whereabouts are additional relevant factors.

What is a protective order?

A protective order is a court order that can protect you from someone who has been violent or threatened to be violent.

Go to www.TexasLawHelp.org for a free protective order kit.

Also, in Harris County you can call the District Attorney's office and if accepted, they will do your protective order for FREE.

If you are served with a document asking for a protective order against you, I strongly urge you to IMMEDIATELY retain legal counsel.

Houston Bar Association's Legal Lines

On the first and third Wednesday of every month from 5 - 9 p.m. you can talk to a volunteer & anonymous attorney. Vietnamese Legal Line is the third Tuesday of each month from 5 - 7 p.m. Spanish Legal Line is the first Thursday of each month from 6 - 8 p.m. Same phone number -- 713-759-1133

Scott Cluthe

My good friend, Scott Cluthe, has a great radio program week-ends on SIRIUS Satellite Radio. http://www.sirius.com or visit his personal website at http://www.evoradio.net I was on his radio show through BIZ radio (Dallas & Houston) several times and he makes it look so easy!

Copyright Information

Here is some basic copyright information. I am NOT a copyright attorney so please verify this information before relying on it! Copyrights are filed on things called "intellectual property". A copyright protects your right to control the sale, use of distribtuion and royalities from a creation in thought, music, films, art, or books (also known as "intellectual property"). It is an automatic form of protection for authors of published and unpublished original works of authorship. The "concrete form of expression"is protected but the subject matter is NOT protected. Since a copyright is automatic when a work is created, registration is NOT required for protection. However, there are many advantages to registration of a copyright. It is approx. $50 for each item that you want to register. If something is registered within 5 years of the original publication date, it established what is called "prima facie evidence" of its validity (also known as it is valid on its face) and can be helpful in a court case (also known as a lawsuit). Generally, the intellectual property is protected for the life of the author plus 70 years after the author's death. You can get free information from the Library of Congress' U. s. Copyright Office in Washington, D.C. I believe their website is www.copyright.gov. You might also try www.loc.gov/copyright/rb.html. If you want to copyright or trademark something, please consult an experienced attorney in this field. It is an evolving field due to litigation and advances in technology.

Some of the things courts consider regarding "best interest" of a minor child in Texas

BEST INTEREST OF CHILD. The Court will consider the following when thinking about a child's best interests: 1. the child's safety 2. is the home a safe, clean and stable environment for the child? 3. a child's age & their sex 4. a child's physical and mental needs - does the child have any "special" needs? 5. has the child ever been a victim of any harm in the past? 6. is the child fearful of living with the parent or returning home? 7. the results of psychiatric, psychological or development evaluations of the child, parents and anyone who has access to the child's home. 8. if there is a history of any abuse or assault regarding the child or a sibling, is that "accused" abuser going to have access to the child or the child's home? 9. history of any substance abuse by the child's family or others who have access to the child's home. 10. willingness of the child's family to seek out, accept and complete counseling services. 11. how the parents cooperative with counseling 12. the parent's parenting skills 13. is the parent willing to provide a positive & loving environment for the child? 14. adequate health and nutritional care 15. adequate medical & dental care 16. appropriate discipline with the child's physical and psychological development 17. guidance and supervision for the child's safety 18. parent's involvement in the child's education 19. understanding the child's needs and capacities 20. extended family and friends and the social support system in place to nuture the child's development 21. the parents relationship when working together to raise the child 22. stability of the parents; and 23. maturity of the parents - are they interested in what they want or what is best for the child? The above is just a short list of the types of things that Judges consider when handling cases involving minor children.

Review of placement of Children under Care of Dept. of Protective and Regulatory Services

REVIEW OF PLACEMENT OF CHILDREN UNDER CARE OF DEPARTMENT OF PROTECTIVE AND REGULATORY SERVICES MY COMMENT: DEPT. OF PROTECTIVE & REGULATORY SERVICES IS KNOWN COMMONLY ON THE STREET AS CPS. SUBCHAPTER A. GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec. 263.001. DEFINITIONS. (a) In this chapter: (1) "Department" means the Department of Family and Protective Services. (2) "Child's home" means the place of residence of at least one of the child's parents. (3) "Household" means a unit composed of persons living together in the same dwelling, without regard to whether they are related to each other. (4) "Substitute care" means the placement of a child who is in the conservatorship of the department or an authorized agency in care outside the child's home. The term includes foster care, institutional care, adoption, or placement with a relative of the child. (b) In the preparation and review of a service plan under this chapter, a reference to the parents of the child includes both parents of the child unless the child has only one parent or unless, after due diligence by the department in attempting to locate a parent, only one parent is located, in which case the reference is to the remaining parent. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 108, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.36, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 263.002. REVIEW OF PLACEMENTS BY COURT. In a suit affecting the parent-child relationship in which the department or an authorized agency has been appointed by the court or designated in an affidavit of relinquishment of parental rights as the temporary or permanent managing conservator of a child, the court shall hold a hearing to review the conservatorship appointment and substitute care. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 109, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Sec. 263.005. ENFORCEMENT OF FAMILY SERVICE PLAN. The department shall designate existing department personnel to ensure that the parties to a family service plan comply with the plan. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 943, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. MY COMMENT: EACH FAMILY MUST HAVE A FAMILY SERVICE PLAN & EVERYONE MUST COMPLY WITH THE PLAN -- WHETHER YOU AGREE WITH IT OR NOT! Sec. 263.006. WARNING TO PARENTS. At the status hearing under Subchapter C and at each permanency hearing under Subchapter D held after the court has rendered a temporary order appointing the department as temporary managing conservator, the court shall inform each parent in open court that parental and custodial rights and duties may be subject to restriction or to termination unless the parent or parents are willing and able to provide the child with a safe environment. Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 600, Sec. 6, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 603, Sec. 2, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 80, eff. Jan. 1, 1998. MY COMMENT: WHAT THIS MEANS THAT IF YOU SHOW UP TO A PERMANCY HEARING, THE JUDGE IS ORDERED TO INFORM YOU ORALLY THAT YOUR PARENTAL RIGHTS MAY BE TERMINATED! IF YOU ARE CRYING OR LEAVE THE COURTROOM (SAY TO GO TO THE BATHROOM) & DON'T HEAR THE JUDGE MAKE THE STATEMENT -- TOUGH LUCK! SUBCHAPTER B. SERVICE PLAN Sec. 263.101. DEPARTMENT TO FILE SERVICE PLAN. Not later than the 45th day after the date the court renders a temporary order appointing the department as temporary managing conservator of a child under Chapter 262, the department or other agency appointed as the managing conservator of a child shall file a service plan. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1150, Sec. 24, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1390, Sec. 43, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Sec. 263.1015. SERVICE PLAN NOT REQUIRED. A service plan is not required under this subchapter in a suit brought by the department for the termination of the parent-child relationship for a child who has been abandoned without identification and whose identity cannot be determined. Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 600, Sec. 7, eff. Jan. 1, 1998. MY COMMENT: A PARENTAL TERMINATION CAN BE DONE WITHOUT NOTIFYING THE PARENT IF THE CHILD HAS BEEN ABANDONDED. IF THE MOTHER NEVER SAID WHO THE FATHER OF THE CHILD IS, THEN THE MAN WANTING TO BE BE DAD (OR THINKS HE IS THE DAD) WILL NOT BE NOTIFIED THAT HIS PARENTAL RIGHTS ARE GOING TO BE TERMINATED. Sec. 263.102. SERVICE PLAN; CONTENTS. (a) The service plan must: (1) be specific; (2) be in writing in a language that the parents understand, or made otherwise available; (3) be prepared by the department or other agency in conference with the child's parents; (4) state appropriate deadlines; (5) state whether the goal of the plan is: (A) return of the child to the child's parents; (B) termination of parental rights and placement of the child for adoption; or (C) because of the child's special needs or exceptional circumstances, continuation of the child's care out of the child's home; (6) state steps that are necessary to: (A) return the child to the child's home if the placement is in foster care; (B) enable the child to remain in the child's home with the assistance of a service plan if the placement is in the home under the department's or other agency's supervision; or (C) otherwise provide a permanent safe placement for the child; (7) state the actions and responsibilities that are necessary for the child's parents to take to achieve the plan goal during the period of the service plan and the assistance to be provided to the parents by the department or other authorized agency toward meeting that goal; (8) state any specific skills or knowledge that the child's parents must acquire or learn, as well as any behavioral changes the parents must exhibit, to achieve the plan goal; (9) state the actions and responsibilities that are necessary for the child's parents to take to ensure that the child attends school and maintains or improves the child's academic compliance; (10) state the name of the person with the department or other agency whom the child's parents may contact for information relating to the child if other than the person preparing the plan; and (11) prescribe any other term or condition that the department or other agency determines to be necessary to the service plan's success. (b) The service plan shall include the following statement: TO THE PARENT: THIS IS A VERY IMPORTANT DOCUMENT. ITS PURPOSE IS TO HELP YOU PROVIDE YOUR CHILD WITH A SAFE ENVIRONMENT WITHIN THE REASONABLE PERIOD SPECIFIED IN THE PLAN. IF YOU ARE UNWILLING OR UNABLE TO PROVIDE YOUR CHILD WITH A SAFE ENVIRONMENT, YOUR PARENTAL AND CUSTODIAL DUTIES AND RIGHTS MAY BE RESTRICTED OR TERMINATED OR YOUR CHILD MAY NOT BE RETURNED TO YOU. THERE WILL BE A COURT HEARING AT WHICH A JUDGE WILL REVIEW THIS SERVICE PLAN. (c) If both parents are available but do not live in the same household and do not agree to cooperate with one another in the development of a service plan for the child, the department in preparing the service plan may provide for the care of the child in the home of either parent or the homes of both parents as the best interest of the child requires. (d) The department or other authorized entity must write the service plan in a manner that is clear and understandable to the parent in order to facilitate the parent's ability to follow the requirements of the service plan. (e) Regardless of whether the goal stated in a child's service plan as required under Subsection (a)(5) is to return the child to the child's parents or to terminate parental rights and place the child for adoption, the department shall concurrently provide to the child and the child's family, as applicable: (1) time-limited family reunification services as defined by 42 U.S.C. Section 629a for a period not to exceed the period within which the court must render a final order in or dismiss the suit affecting the parent-child relationship with respect to the child as provided by Subchapter E; and (2) adoption promotion and support services as defined by 42 U.S.C. Section 629a. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.38(a), eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 263.103. SERVICE PLAN: SIGNING AND TAKING EFFECT. (a) Before the service plan is signed, the child's parents and the representative of the department or other agency shall discuss each term and condition of the plan. (b) The child's parents and the person preparing the service plan shall sign the plan, and the department shall give each parent a copy of the service plan. (c) If the department or other authorized agency determines that the child's parents are unable or unwilling to sign the service plan, the department may file the plan without the parents' signatures. (d) The plan takes effect when: (1) the child's parents and the appropriate representative of the department or other authorized agency sign the plan; or (2) the department or other authorized agency files the plan without the parents' signatures. (e) The service plan is in effect until amended by the court. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. MY COMMENT: PLEASE BE AWARE THAN A SERVICE PLAN MAY BE AMENDED AT ANY TIME! Sec. 263.104. AMENDED SERVICE PLAN. (a) The service plan may be amended at any time. (b) The amended service plan supersedes the previously filed service plan and takes effect when: (1) the child's parents and the appropriate representative of the department or other authorized agency sign the plan; or (2) the department or other authorized agency determines that the child's parents are unable or unwilling to sign the amended plan and files it without the parents' signatures. (c) The amended service plan remains in effect until amended by the court. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Sec. 263.105. REVIEW OF SERVICE PLAN. (a) The service plan currently in effect shall be filed with the court. (b) The court shall review the plan at the next required hearing under this chapter after the plan is filed. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1150, Sec. 25, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1390, Sec. 44, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Sec. 263.106. COURT IMPLEMENTATION OF SERVICE PLAN. The court may render appropriate orders to implement or require compliance with an original or amended service plan. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. SUBCHAPTER C. STATUS HEARING Sec. 263.201. STATUS HEARING; TIME. (a) Not later than the 60th day after the date the court renders a temporary order appointing the department as temporary managing conservator of a child, the court shall hold a status hearing to review the child's status and the service plan developed for the child. (b) A status hearing is not required if the court holds an initial permanency hearing under Section 262.2015 before the date a status hearing is required by this section. (c) The court shall require each parent, alleged father, or relative of the child before the court to submit the proposed child placement resources form provided under Section 261.307 at the status hearing, if the form has not previously been submitted. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 600, Sec. 8, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 603, Sec. 3, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 81, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1150, Sec. 26, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1390, Sec. 45, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.37(a), eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 263.202. STATUS HEARING; FINDINGS. (a) If all parties entitled to citation and notice under this chapter were not served, the court shall make findings as to whether: (1) the department or other agency has exercised due diligence to locate all necessary persons; and (2) each custodial parent, alleged father, or relative of the child before the court has furnished to the department all available information necessary to locate another absent parent, alleged father, or relative of the child through exercise of due diligence. (b) Except as provided by Subsection (e), a status hearing shall be limited to matters related to the contents and execution of the service plan filed with the court. The court shall review the service plan that the department or other agency filed under this chapter for reasonableness, accuracy, and compliance with requirements of court orders and make findings as to whether: (1) a plan that has the goal of returning the child to the child's parents adequately ensures that reasonable efforts are made to enable the child's parents to provide a safe environment for the child; and (2) the child's parents have reviewed and understand the service plan and have been advised that unless the parents are willing and able to provide the child with a safe environment, even with the assistance of a service plan, within the reasonable period of time specified in the plan, the parents' parental and custodial duties and rights may be subject to restriction or to termination under this code or the child may not be returned to the parents. (c) The court shall advise the parties that progress under the service plan will be reviewed at all subsequent hearings, including a review of whether the parties have acquired or learned any specific skills or knowledge stated in the service plan. (d) If a service plan with respect to a parent has not been filed with the court, the court shall consider whether to waive the service plan under Section 262.2015. (e) At the status hearing, the court shall make a finding as to whether the court has identified the individual who has the right to consent for the child under Section 266.003. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 111, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1150, Sec. 27, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1390, Sec. 46, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 306, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.38(b), 1.39, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. SUBCHAPTER D. PERMANENCY HEARINGS Sec. 263.301. NOTICE. (a) Notice of a permanency hearing shall be given as provided by Rule 21a, Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, to all persons entitled to notice of the hearing. (b) The following persons are entitled to at least 10 days' notice of a permanency hearing and are entitled to present evidence and be heard at the hearing: (1) the department; (2) the foster parent, preadoptive parent, relative of the child providing care, or director of the group home or institution where the child is residing; (3) each parent of the child; (4) the managing conservator or guardian of the child; (5) an attorney ad litem appointed for the child under Chapter 107; (6) a volunteer advocate appointed for the child under Chapter 107; and (7) any other person or agency named by the court to have an interest in the child's welfare. (c) If a person entitled to notice under Chapter 102 or this section has not been served, the court shall review the department's or other agency's efforts at attempting to locate all necessary persons and requesting service of citation and the assistance of a parent in providing information necessary to locate an absent parent. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 600, Sec. 10, eff. Jan 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 603, Sec. 5, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 83, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 849, Sec. 6, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Sec. 263.302. CHILD'S ATTENDANCE AT HEARING. The child shall attend each permanency hearing unless the court specifically excuses the child's attendance. Failure by the child to attend a hearing does not affect the validity of an order rendered at the hearing. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 600, Sec. 11, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 603, Sec. 6, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 84, eff. Jan. 1, 1998. Sec. 263.3025. PERMANENCY PLAN. (a) The department shall prepare a permanency plan for a child for whom the department has been appointed temporary managing conservator. The department shall give a copy of the plan to each person entitled to notice under Section 263.301(b) not later than the 10th day before the date of the child's first permanency hearing. (b) In addition to the requirements of the department rules governing permanency planning, the permanency plan must contain the information required to be included in a permanency progress report under Section 263.303. (c) The department shall modify the permanency plan for a child as required by the circumstances and needs of the child. (d) Repealed by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 620, Sec. 3. Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 600, Sec. 12, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 603, Sec. 7, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 85, eff. Jan. 1, 1998. Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 809, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 620, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 263.303. PERMANENCY PROGRESS REPORT. (a) Not later than the 10th day before the date set for each permanency hearing other than the first permanency hearing, the department or other authorized agency shall file with the court and provide to each party, the child's attorney ad litem, the child's guardian ad litem, and the child's volunteer advocate a permanency progress report unless the court orders a different period for providing the report. (b) The permanency progress report must: (1) recommend that the suit be dismissed; or (2) recommend that the suit continue, and: (A) identify the date for dismissal of the suit under this chapter; (B) provide: (i) the name of any person entitled to notice under Chapter 102 who has not been served; (ii) a description of the efforts by the department or another agency to locate and request service of citation; and (iii) a description of each parent's assistance in providing information necessary to locate an unserved party; (C) evaluate the parties' compliance with temporary orders and with the service plan; (D) evaluate whether the child's placement in substitute care meets the child's needs and recommend other plans or services to meet the child's special needs or circumstances; (E) describe the permanency plan for the child and recommend actions necessary to ensure that a final order consistent with that permanency plan is rendered before the date for dismissal of the suit under this chapter; and (F) with respect to a child 16 years of age or older, identify the services needed to assist the child in the transition to adult life. (c) A parent whose parental rights are the subject of a suit affecting the parent-child relationship, the attorney for that parent, or the child's attorney ad litem or guardian ad litem may file a response to the department's or other agency's report filed under Subsection (b). A response must be filed not later than the third day before the date of the hearing. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 112, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 600, Sec. 13, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 603, Sec. 8, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 86, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 172, Sec. 24, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 263.304. INITIAL PERMANENCY HEARING; TIME. (a) Not later than the 180th day after the date the court renders a temporary order appointing the department as temporary managing conservator of a child, the court shall hold a permanency hearing to review the status of, and permanency plan for, the child to ensure that a final order consistent with that permanency plan is rendered before the date for dismissal of the suit under this chapter. (b) The court shall set a final hearing under this chapter on a date that allows the court to render a final order before the date for dismissal of the suit under this chapter. Any party to the suit or an attorney ad litem for the child may seek a writ of mandamus to compel the court to comply with the duties imposed by this subsection. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 113, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 600, Sec. 14, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 603, Sec. 9, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 87, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1090, Sec. 7, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Sec. 263.305. SUBSEQUENT PERMANENCY HEARINGS. A subsequent permanency hearing before entry of a final order shall be held not later than the 120th day after the date of the last permanency hearing in the suit. For good cause shown or on the court's own motion, the court may order more frequent hearings. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 600, Sec. 15, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 603, Sec. 10, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 88, eff. Jan. 1, 1998. Sec. 263.306. PERMANENCY HEARINGS: PROCEDURE. (a) At each permanency hearing the court shall: (1) identify all persons or parties present at the hearing or those given notice but failing to appear; (2) review the efforts of the department or another agency in: (A) attempting to locate all necessary persons; (B) requesting service of citation; and (C) obtaining the assistance of a parent in providing information necessary to locate an absent parent, alleged father, or relative of the child; (3) review the efforts of each custodial parent, alleged father, or relative of the child before the court in providing information necessary to locate another absent parent, alleged father, or relative of the child; (4) return the child to the parent or parents if the child's parent or parents are willing and able to provide the child with a safe environment and the return of the child is in the child's best interest; (5) place the child with a person or entity, other than a parent, entitled to service under Chapter 102 if the person or entity is willing and able to provide the child with a safe environment and the placement of the child is in the child's best interest; (6) evaluate the department's efforts to identify relatives who could provide the child with a safe environment, if the child is not returned to a parent or another person or entity entitled to service under Chapter 102; (7) evaluate the parties' compliance with temporary orders and the service plan; (8) determine whether: (A) the child continues to need substitute care; (B) the child's current placement is appropriate for meeting the child's needs, including with respect to a child who has been placed outside of the state, whether that placement continues to be in the best interest of the child; and (C) other plans or services are needed to meet the child's special needs or circumstances; (9) if the child is placed in institutional care, determine whether efforts have been made to ensure placement of the child in the least restrictive environment consistent with the best interest and special needs of the child; (10) if the child is 16 years of age or older, order services that are needed to assist the child in making the transition from substitute care to independent living if the services are available in the community; (11) determine plans, services, and further temporary orders necessary to ensure that a final order is rendered before the date for dismissal of the suit under this chapter; and (12) determine the date for dismissal of the suit under this chapter and give notice in open court to all parties of: (A) the dismissal date; (B) the date of the next permanency hearing; and (C) the date the suit is set for trial. (b) The court shall also review the service plan, permanency report, and other information submitted at the hearing to: (1) determine: (A) the safety of the child; (B) the continuing necessity and appropriateness of the placement; (C) the extent of compliance with the case plan; and (D) the extent of progress that has been made toward alleviating or mitigating the causes necessitating the placement of the child in foster care; and (E) whether the department has made reasonable efforts to finalize the permanency plan that is in effect for the child; and (2) project a likely date by which the child may be returned to and safely maintained in the child's home, placed for adoption, or placed in permanent managing conservatorship. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 114, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 600, Sec. 16, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 603, Sec. 11, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 89, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1390, Sec. 47, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 306, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 849, Sec. 7, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Sec. 263.307. FACTORS IN DETERMINING BEST INTEREST OF CHILD. (a) In considering the factors established by this section, the prompt and permanent placement of the child in a safe environment is presumed to be in the child's best interest. (b) The following factors should be considered by the court, the department, and other authorized agencies in determining whether the child's parents are willing and able to provide the child with a safe environment: (1) the child's age and physical and mental vulnerabilities; (2) the frequency and nature of out-of-home placements; (3) the magnitude, frequency, and circumstances of the harm to the child; (4) whether the child has been the victim of repeated harm after the initial report and intervention by the department or other agency; (5) whether the child is fearful of living in or returning to the child's home; (6) the results of psychiatric, psychological, or developmental evaluations of the child, the child's parents, other family members, or others who have access to the child's home; (7) whether there is a history of abusive or assaultive conduct by the child's family or others who have access to the child's home; (8) whether there is a history of substance abuse by the child's family or others who have access to the child's home; (9) whether the perpetrator of the harm to the child is identified; (10) the willingness and ability of the child's family to seek out, accept, and complete counseling services and to cooperate with and facilitate an appropriate agency's close supervision; (11) the willingness and ability of the child's family to effect positive environmental and personal changes within a reasonable period of time; (12) whether the child's family demonstrates adequate parenting skills, including providing the child and other children under the family's care with: (A) minimally adequate health and nutritional care; (B) care, nurturance, and appropriate discipline consistent with the child's physical and psychological development; (C) guidance and supervision consistent with the child's safety; (D) a safe physical home environment; (E) protection from repeated exposure to violence even though the violence may not be directed at the child; and (F) an understanding of the child's needs and capabilities; and (13) whether an adequate social support system consisting of an extended family and friends is available to the child. (c) In the case of a child 16 years of age or older, the following guidelines should be considered by the court in determining whether to adopt the permanency plan submitted by the department: (1) whether the permanency plan submitted to the court includes the services planned for the child to make the transition from foster care to independent living; and (2) whether this transition is in the best interest of the child. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. SUBCHAPTER E. FINAL ORDER FOR CHILD UNDER DEPARTMENT CARE Sec. 263.401. DISMISSAL AFTER ONE YEAR; EXTENSION. (a) Unless the court has rendered a final order or granted an extension under Subsection (b), on the first Monday after the first anniversary of the date the court rendered a temporary order appointing the department as temporary managing conservator, the court shall dismiss the suit affecting the parent-child relationship filed by the department that requests termination of the parent-child relationship or requests that the department be named conservator of the child. (b) The court may not retain the suit on the court's docket after the time described by Subsection (a) unless the court finds that extraordinary circumstances necessitate the child remaining in the temporary managing conservatorship of the department and that continuing the appointment of the department as temporary managing conservator is in the best interest of the child. If the court makes those findings, the court may retain the suit on the court's docket for a period not to exceed 180 days after the time described by Subsection (a). If the court retains the suit on the court's docket, the court shall render an order in which the court: (1) schedules the new date for dismissal of the suit not later than the 180th day after the time described by Subsection (a); (2) makes further temporary orders for the safety and welfare of the child as necessary to avoid further delay in resolving the suit; and (3) sets a final hearing on a date that allows the court to render a final order before the required date for dismissal of the suit under this subsection. (c) If the court grants an extension but does not render a final order or dismiss the suit on or before the required date for dismissal under Subsection (b), the court shall dismiss the suit. The court may not grant an additional extension that extends the suit beyond the required date for dismissal under Subsection (b). (d) For purposes of this section, a final order is an order that: (1) requires that a child be returned to the child's parent; (2) names a relative of the child or another person as the child's managing conservator; (3) without terminating the parent-child relationship, appoints the department as the managing conservator of the child; or (4) terminates the parent-child relationship and appoints a relative of the child, another suitable person, or the department as managing conservator of the child. Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 600, Sec. 17, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 603, Sec. 12, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 90, eff. Jan. 1, 1998. Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1090, Sec. 8, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.40, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 263.402. LIMIT ON EXTENSION; WAIVER. (a) The parties to a suit under this chapter may not extend the deadlines set by the court under this subchapter by agreement or otherwise. (b) A party to a suit under this chapter who fails to make a timely motion to dismiss the suit or to make a motion requesting the court to render a final order before the deadline for dismissal under this subchapter waives the right to object to the court's failure to dismiss the suit. A motion to dismiss under this subsection is timely if the motion is made before the department has introduced all of the department's evidence, other than rebuttal evidence, at the trial on the merits. Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 600, Sec. 17, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 603, Sec. 12, eff. Jan. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 90, eff. Jan. 1, 1997. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1390, Sec. 48, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1090, Sec. 9, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Sec. 263.403. MONITORED RETURN OF CHILD TO PARENT. (a) Notwithstanding Section 263.401, the court may retain jurisdiction and not dismiss the suit or render a final order as required by that section if the court renders a temporary order that: (1) finds that retaining jurisdiction under this section is in the best interest of the child; (2) orders the department to return the child to the child's parent; (3) orders the department to continue to serve as temporary managing conservator of the child; and (4) orders the department to monitor the child's placement to ensure that the child is in a safe environment. (b) If the court renders an order under this section, the court shall: (1) include in the order specific findings regarding the grounds for the order; and (2) schedule a new date, not later than the 180th day after the date the temporary order is rendered, for dismissal of the suit. (c) If a child placed with a parent under this section must be moved from that home by the department before the dismissal of the suit or the rendering of a final order, the court shall, at the time of the move, schedule a new date for dismissal of the suit. The new dismissal date may not be later than the original dismissal date established under Section 263.401 or the 180th day after the date the child is moved under this subsection, whichever date is later. (d) If the court renders an order under this section, the court must include in the order specific findings regarding the grounds for the order. Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 600, Sec. 17, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 603, Sec. 12, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 90, eff. Jan. 1, 1998. Renumbered from V.T.C.A., Family Code Sec. 263.402 by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1090, Sec. 9, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Sec. 263.404. FINAL ORDER APPOINTING DEPARTMENT AS MANAGING CONSERVATOR WITHOUT TERMINATING PARENTAL RIGHTS. (a) The court may render a final order appointing the department as managing conservator of the child without terminating the rights of the parent of the child if the court finds that: (1) appointment of a parent as managing conservator would not be in the best interest of the child because the appointment would significantly impair the child's physical health or emotional development; and (2) it would not be in the best interest of the child to appoint a relative of the child or another person as managing conservator. (b) In determining whether the department should be appointed as managing conservator of the child without terminating the rights of a parent of the child, the court shall take the following factors into consideration: (1) that the child will reach 18 years of age in not less than three years; (2) that the child is 12 years of age or older and has expressed a strong desire against termination or being adopted; (3) that the child has special medical or behavioral needs that make adoption of the child unlikely; and (4) the needs and desires of the child. Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 600, Sec. 17, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Renumbered from V.T.C.A., Family Code Sec. 263.403 by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1090, Sec. 9, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Sec. 263.405. APPEAL OF FINAL ORDER. (a) An appeal of a final order rendered under this subchapter is governed by the rules of the supreme court for accelerated appeals in civil cases and the procedures provided by this section. The appellate court shall render its final order or judgment with the least possible delay. (b) Not later than the 15th day after the date a final order is signed by the trial judge, a party intending to appeal the order must file with the trial court a statement of the point or points on which the party intends to appeal. The statement may be combined with a motion for a new trial. (c) A motion for a new trial, a request for findings of fact and conclusions of law, or any other post-trial motion in the trial court does not extend the deadline for filing a notice of appeal under Rule 26.1(b), Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, or the deadline for filing an affidavit of indigence under Rule 20, Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure. (d) The trial court shall hold a hearing not later than the 30th day after the date the final order is signed to determine whether: (1) a new trial should be granted; (2) a party's claim of indigence, if any, should be sustained; and (3) the appeal is frivolous as provided by Section 13.003(b), Civil Practice and Remedies Code. (e) If a party claims indigency and requests the appointment of an attorney, the court shall require the person to file an affidavit of indigency and shall hear evidence to determine the issue of indigency. If the court does not render a written order denying the claim of indigence or requiring the person to pay partial costs before the 36th day after the date the final order being appealed is signed, the court shall consider the person to be indigent and shall appoint counsel to represent the person. (f) The appellate record must be filed in the appellate court not later than the 60th day after the date the final order is signed by the trial judge, unless the trial court, after a hearing, grants a new trial or denies a request for a trial court record at no cost. (g) The appellant may appeal the court's order denying the appellant's claim of indigence or the court's finding that the appeal is frivolous by filing with the appellate court the reporter's record and clerk's record of the hearing held under this section, both of which shall be provided without advance payment, not later than the 10th day after the date the court makes the decision. The appellate court shall review the records and may require the parties to file appellate briefs on the issues presented, but may not hear oral argument on the issues. The appellate court shall render appropriate orders after reviewing the records and appellate briefs, if any. (h) Except on a showing of good cause, the appellate court may not extend the time for filing a record or appellate brief. (i) The appellate court may not consider any issue that was not specifically presented to the trial court in a timely filed statement of the points on which the party intends to appeal or in a statement combined with a motion for new trial. For purposes of this subsection, a claim that a judicial decision is contrary to the evidence or that the evidence is factually or legally insufficient is not sufficiently specific to preserve an issue for appeal. Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1090, Sec. 9, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 176, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 263.406. COURT INFORMATION SYSTEM. The Office of Court Administration of the Texas Judicial System shall consult with the courts presiding over cases brought by the department for the protection of children to develop an information system to track compliance with the requirements of this subchapter for the timely disposition of those cases. Renumbered from V.T.C.A., Family Code Sec. 263.404 by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1090, Sec. 9, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Sec. 263.407. FINAL ORDER APPOINTING DEPARTMENT AS MANAGING CONSERVATOR OF CERTAIN ABANDONED CHILDREN; TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS. (a) There is a rebuttable presumption that a parent who delivers a child to a designated emergency infant care provider in accordance with Subchapter D, Chapter 262: (1) is the child's biological parent; and (2) intends to relinquish parental rights and consents to the termination of parental rights with regard to the child. (a-1) A party that seeks to rebut a presumption in Subsection (a) may do so at any time before the parent-child relationship is terminated with regard to the child. (b) If a person claims to be the parent of a child taken into possession under Subchapter D, Chapter 262, before the court renders a final order terminating the parental rights of the child's parents, the court shall order genetic testing for parentage determination unless parentage has previously been established. The court shall hold the petition for termination of the parent-child relationship in abeyance for a period not to exceed 60 days pending the results of the genetic testing. (c) Before filing a petition to terminate the parental rights with regard to a child taken into the department's custody under Section 262.303, the department must: (1) verify with the National Crime Information Center and state and local law enforcement agencies that the child is not a missing child; and (2) obtain a certificate of the search of the paternity registry under Subchapter E, Chapter 160, not earlier than the date the department estimates to be the 30th day after the child's date of birth. Added by Acts 2001 77th Leg., ch. 809, Sec. 6, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Renumbered from V.T.C.A., Family Code Sec. 263.405 by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1275, Sec. 2(54), eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 620, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. SUBCHAPTER F. PLACEMENT REVIEW HEARINGS Sec. 263.501. PLACEMENT REVIEW AFTER FINAL ORDER. (a) If the department has been named as a child's managing conservator in a final order that does not include termination of parental rights, the court shall conduct a placement review hearing at least once every six months until the child becomes an adult. (b) If the department has been named as a child's managing conservator in a final order that terminates a parent's parental rights, the court shall conduct a placement review hearing at least once every six months until the date the child is adopted or the child becomes an adult. (c) Notice of a placement review hearing shall be given as provided by Rule 21a, Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, to each person entitled to notice of the hearing. (d) The following are entitled to not less than 10 days' notice of a placement review hearing: (1) the department; (2) the foster parent, preadoptive parent, relative of the child providing care, or director of the group home or institution in which the child is residing; (3) each parent of the child; (4) each possessory conservator or guardian of the child; (5) the child's attorney ad litem and volunteer advocate, if the appointments were not dismissed in the final order; and (6) any other person or agency named by the court as having an interest in the child's welfare. (e) The court may dispense with the requirement that the child attend a placement review hearing. Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 600, Sec. 17, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 603, Sec. 12, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 90, eff. Jan. 1, 1997. Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 849, Sec. 8, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Sec. 263.502. PLACEMENT REVIEW REPORT. (a) Not later than the 10th day before the date set for a placement review hearing, the department or other authorized agency shall file a placement review report with the court and provide a copy to each person entitled to notice under Section 263.501(d). (b) For good cause shown, the court may order a different time for filing the placement review report or may order that a report is not required for a specific hearing. (c) The placement review report must: (1) evaluate whether the child's current placement is appropriate for meeting the child's needs; (2) evaluate whether efforts have been made to ensure placement of the child in the least restrictive environment consistent with the best interest and special needs of the child if the child is placed in institutional care; (3) contain a discharge plan for a child who is at least 16 years of age that identifies the services and specific tasks that are needed to assist the child in making the transition from substitute care to adult living and describes the services that are available through the Preparation for Adult Living Program operated by the department; (4) evaluate whether the child's current educational placement is appropriate for meeting the child's academic needs; (5) identify other plans or services that are needed to meet the child's special needs or circumstances; and (6) describe the efforts of the department or authorized agency to place the child for adoption if parental rights to the child have been terminated and the child is eligible for adoption, including efforts to provide adoption promotion and support services as defined by 42 U.S.C. Section 629a and other efforts consistent with the federal Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (Pub. L. No. 105-89). Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 600, Sec. 17, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 603, Sec. 12, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 90, eff. Jan. 1, 1998. Amended by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.41(a), eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 263.503. PLACEMENT REVIEW HEARINGS; PROCEDURE. A t each placement review hearing, the court shall determine whether: (1) the child's current placement is necessary, safe, and appropriate for meeting the child's needs, including with respect to a child placed outside of the state, whether the placement continues to be appropriate and in the best interest of the child; (2) efforts have been made to ensure placement of the child in the least restrictive environment consistent with the best interest and special needs of the child if the child is placed in institutional care; (3) the services that are needed to assist a child who is at least 16 years of age in making the transition from substitute care to independent living are available in the community; (4) other plans or services are needed to meet the child's special needs or circumstances; (5) the department or authorized agency has exercised due diligence in attempting to place the child for adoption if parental rights to the child have been terminated and the child is eligible for adoption; and (6) the department or authorized agency has made reasonable efforts to finalize the permanency plan that is in effect for the child. Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 600, Sec. 17, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 603, Sec. 12, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 90, eff. Jan. 1, 1998. Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 849, Sec. 9, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.

Investigation of Report of Child Abuse or Neglect in Texas

PROTECTION OF THE CHILD INVESTIGATION OF REPORT OF CHILD ABUSE OR NEGLECT SUBCHAPTER A. GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec. 261.001. DEFINITIONS. In this chapter: (1) "Abuse" includes the following acts or omissions by a person: (A) mental or emotional injury to a child that results in an observable and material impairment in the child's growth, development, or psychological functioning; (B) causing or permitting the child to be in a situation in which the child sustains a mental or emotional injury that results in an observable and material impairment in the child's growth, development, or psychological functioning; (C) physical injury that results in substantial harm to the child, or the genuine threat of substantial harm from physical injury to the child, including an injury that is at variance with the history or explanation given and excluding an accident or reasonable discipline by a parent, guardian, or managing or possessory conservator that does not expose the child to a substantial risk of harm; (D) failure to make a reasonable effort to prevent an action by another person that results in physical injury that results in substantial harm to the child; (E) sexual conduct harmful to a child's mental, emotional, or physical welfare, including conduct that constitutes the offense of indecency with a child under Section 21.11, Penal Code, sexual assault under Section 22.011, Penal Code, or aggravated sexual assault under Section 22.021, Penal Code; (F) failure to make a reasonable effort to prevent sexual conduct harmful to a child; (G) compelling or encouraging the child to engage in sexual conduct as defined by Section 43.01, Penal Code; (H) causing, permitting, encouraging, engaging in, or allowing the photographing, filming, or depicting of the child if the person knew or should have known that the resulting photograph, film, or depiction of the child is obscene as defined by Section 43.21, Penal Code, or pornographic; (I) the current use by a person of a controlled substance as defined by Chapter 481, Health and Safety Code, in a manner or to the extent that the use results in physical, mental, or emotional injury to a child; (J) causing, expressly permitting, or encouraging a child to use a controlled substance as defined by Chapter 481, Health and Safety Code; or (K) causing, permitting, encouraging, engaging in, or allowing a sexual performance by a child as defined by Section 43.25, Penal Code. (2) "Department" means the Department of Family and Protective Services. (3) "Designated agency" means the agency designated by the court as responsible for the protection of children. (4) "Neglect" includes: (A) the leaving of a child in a situation where the child would be exposed to a substantial risk of physical or mental harm, without arranging for necessary care for the child, and the demonstration of an intent not to return by a parent, guardian, or managing or possessory conservator of the child; (B) the following acts or omissions by a person: (i) placing a child in or failing to remove a child from a situation that a reasonable person would realize requires judgment or actions beyond the child's level of maturity, physical condition, or mental abilities and that results in bodily injury or a substantial risk of immediate harm to the child; (ii) failing to seek, obtain, or follow through with medical care for a child, with the failure resulting in or presenting a substantial risk of death, disfigurement, or bodily injury or with the failure resulting in an observable and material impairment to the growth, development, or functioning of the child; (iii) the failure to provide a child with food, clothing, or shelter necessary to sustain the life or health of the child, excluding failure caused primarily by financial inability unless relief services had been offered and refused; (iv) placing a child in or failing to remove the child from a situation in which the child would be exposed to a substantial risk of sexual conduct harmful to the child; or (v) placing a child in or failing to remove the child from a situation in which the child would be exposed to acts or omissions that constitute abuse under Subdivision (1)(E), (F), (G), (H), or (K) committed against another child; or (C) the failure by the person responsible for a child's care, custody, or welfare to permit the child to return to the child's home without arranging for the necessary care for the child after the child has been absent from the home for any reason, including having been in residential placement or having run away. (5) "Person responsible for a child's care, custody, or welfare" means a person who traditionally is responsible for a child's care, custody, or welfare, including: (A) a parent, guardian, managing or possessory conservator, or foster parent of the child; (B) a member of the child's family or household as defined by Chapter 71; (C) a person with whom the child's parent cohabits; (D) school personnel or a volunteer at the child's school; or (E) personnel or a volunteer at a public or private child-care facility that provides services for the child or at a public or private residential institution or facility where the child resides. (6) "Report" means a report that alleged or suspected abuse or neglect of a child has occurred or may occur. (7) "Board" means the Board of Protective and Regulatory Services. (8) "Born addicted to alcohol or a controlled substance" means a child: (A) who is born to a mother who during the pregnancy used a controlled substance, as defined by Chapter 481, Health and Safety Code, other than a controlled substance legally obtained by prescription, or alcohol; and (B) who, after birth as a result of the mother's use of the controlled substance or alcohol: (i) experiences observable withdrawal from the alcohol or controlled substance; (ii) exhibits observable or harmful effects in the child's physical appearance or functioning; or (iii) exhibits the demonstrable presence of alcohol or a controlled substance in the child's bodily fluids. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 86, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 575, Sec. 10, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 63, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 19.01(26), eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 59, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.11, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.002. CENTRAL REGISTRY. (a) The department shall establish and maintain in Austin a central registry of reported cases of child abuse or neglect. (b) The department may adopt rules necessary to carry out this section. The rules shall provide for cooperation with local child service agencies, including hospitals, clinics, and schools, and cooperation with other states in exchanging reports to effect a national registration system. (c) The department may enter into agreements with other states to allow for the exchange of reports of child abuse and neglect in other states' central registry systems. The department shall use information obtained under this subsection in performing the background checks required under Section 42.056, Human Resources Code. The department shall cooperate with federal agencies and shall provide information and reports of child abuse and neglect to the appropriate federal agency that maintains the national registry for child abuse and neglect, if a national registry exists. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.12, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.003. APPLICATION TO STUDENTS IN SCHOOL FOR DEAF OR SCHOOL FOR BLIND AND VISUALLY IMPAIRED. This chapter applies to the investigation of a report of abuse or neglect of a student, without regard to the age of the student, in the Texas School for the Deaf or the Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Sec. 261.004. STATISTICS OF ABUSE AND NEGLECT OF CHILDREN. (a) The department shall prepare and disseminate statistics by county relating to the department's activities under this subtitle and include the information specified in Subsection (b) in an annual report available to the public. (b) The department shall report the following information: (1) the number of initial phone calls received by the department alleging abuse and neglect; (2) the number of children reported to the department as having been abused and neglected; (3) the number of reports received by the department alleging abuse or neglect and assigned by the department for investigation; (4) of the children to whom Subdivision (2) applies: (A) the number for whom the report was substantiated; (B) the number for whom the report was unsubstantiated; (C) the number for whom the report was determined to be false; (D) the number who did not receive services from the department under a state or federal program; (E) the number who received services, including preventative services, from the department under a state or federal program; and (F) the number who were removed from the child's home during the preceding year; (5) the number of families in which the child was not removed, but the child or family received services from the department; (6) the number of children who died during the preceding year as a result of child abuse or neglect; (7) of the children to whom Subdivision (6) applies, the number who were in foster care at the time of death; (8) the number of child protective services workers responsible for report intake, assessment, or investigation; (9) the response time by the department with respect to conducting an initial investigation of a report of child abuse or neglect; (10) the response time by the department with respect to commencing services to families and children for whom an allegation of abuse or neglect has been made; (11) the number of children who were returned to their families or who received family preservation services and who, before the fifth anniversary of the date of return or receipt, were the victims of substantiated reports of child abuse or neglect, including abuse or neglect resulting in the death of the child; (12) the number of cases pursued by the department in each stage of the judicial process, including civil and criminal proceedings and the results of each proceeding; and (13) the number of children for whom a person was appointed by the court to represent the best interests of the child and the average number of out-of-court contacts between the person and the child. (c) The department shall compile the information specified in Subsection (b) for the preceding year in a report to be submitted to the legislature and the general public not later than February 1 of each year. Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 64, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. SUBCHAPTER B. REPORT OF ABUSE OR NEGLECT; IMMUNITIES Sec. 261.101. PERSONS REQUIRED TO REPORT; TIME TO REPORT. (a) A person having cause to believe that a child's physical or mental health or welfare has been adversely affected by abuse or neglect by any person shall immediately make a report as provided by this subchapter. (b) If a professional has cause to believe that a child has been abused or neglected or may be abused or neglected, or that a child is a victim of an offense under Section 21.11, Penal Code, and the professional has cause to believe that the child has been abused as defined by Section 261.001 or 261.401, the professional shall make a report not later than the 48th hour after the hour the professional first suspects that the child has been or may be abused or neglected or is a victim of an offense under Section 21.11, Penal Code. A professional may not delegate to or rely on another person to make the report. In this subsection, "professional" means an individual who is licensed or certified by the state or who is an employee of a facility licensed, certified, or operated by the state and who, in the normal course of official duties or duties for which a license or certification is required, has direct contact with children. The term includes teachers, nurses, doctors, day-care employees, employees of a clinic or health care facility that provides reproductive services, juvenile probation officers, and juvenile detention or correctional officers. (c) The requirement to report under this section applies without exception to an individual whose personal communications may otherwise be privileged, including an attorney, a member of the clergy, a medical practitioner, a social worker, a mental health professional, and an employee of a clinic or health care facility that provides reproductive services. (d) Unless waived in writing by the person making the report, the identity of an individual making a report under this chapter is confidential and may be disclosed only: (1) as provided by Section 261.201; or (2) to a law enforcement officer for the purposes of conducting a criminal investigation of the report. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 87, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 162, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 575, Sec. 11, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 65, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 6.29, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1150, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1390, Sec. 21, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, Sec. 5.003, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 949, Sec. 27, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.102. MATTERS TO BE REPORTED. A report should reflect the reporter's belief that a child has been or may be abused or neglected or has died of abuse or neglect. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 88, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Sec. 261.103. REPORT MADE TO APPROPRIATE AGENCY. (a) Except as provided by Subsections (b) and (c) and Section 261.405, a report shall be made to: (1) any local or state law enforcement agency; (2) the department; (3) the state agency that operates, licenses, certifies, or registers the facility in which the alleged abuse or neglect occurred; or (4) the agency designated by the court to be responsible for the protection of children. (b) A report may be made to the Texas Youth Commission instead of the entities listed under Subsection (a) if the report is based on information provided by a child while under the supervision of the commission concerning the child's alleged abuse of another child. (c) Notwithstanding Subsection (a), a report, other than a report under Subsection (a)(3) or Section 261.405, must be made to the department if the alleged or suspected abuse or neglect involves a person responsible for the care, custody, or welfare of the child. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 89, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1477, Sec. 24, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1297, Sec. 46, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 213, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.104. CONTENTS OF REPORT. The person making a report shall identify, if known: (1) the name and address of the child; (2) the name and address of the person responsible for the care, custody, or welfare of the child; and (3) any other pertinent information concerning the alleged or suspected abuse or neglect. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 90, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Sec. 261.105. REFERRAL OF REPORT BY DEPARTMENT OR LAW ENFORCEMENT. (a) All reports received by a local or state law enforcement agency that allege abuse or neglect by a person responsible for a child's care, custody, or welfare shall be referred immediately to the department or the designated agency. (b) The department or designated agency shall immediately notify the appropriate state or local law enforcement agency of any report it receives, other than a report from a law enforcement agency, that concerns the suspected abuse or neglect of a child or death of a child from abuse or neglect. (c) In addition to notifying a law enforcement agency, if the report relates to a child in a facility operated, licensed, certified, or registered by a state agency, the department shall refer the report to the agency for investigation. (d) If the department initiates an investigation and determines that the abuse or neglect does not involve a person responsible for the child's care, custody, or welfare, the department shall refer the report to a law enforcement agency for further investigation. If the department determines that the abuse or neglect involves an employee of a public primary or secondary school, and that the child is a student at the school, the department shall orally notify the superintendent of the school district in which the employee is employed about the investigation. (e) In cooperation with the department, the Texas Youth Commission by rule shall adopt guidelines for identifying a report made to the commission under Section 261.103(b) that is appropriate to refer to the department or a law enforcement agency for investigation. Guidelines adopted under this subsection must require the commission to consider the severity and immediacy of the alleged abuse or neglect of the child victim. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 66, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1477, Sec. 25, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 374, Sec. 3, eff. June 18, 2003. Sec. 261.1055. NOTIFICATION OF DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. (a) A district attorney may inform the department or designated agency that the district attorney wishes to receive notification of some or all reports of suspected abuse or neglect of children who were in the county at the time the report was made or who were in the county at the time of the alleged abuse or neglect. (b) If the district attorney makes the notification under this section, the department or designated agency shall, on receipt of a report of suspected abuse or neglect, immediately notify the district attorney as requested and the department or designated agency shall forward a copy of the reports to the district attorney on request. Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 67, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Sec. 261.106. IMMUNITIES. (a) A person acting in good faith who reports or assists in the investigation of a report of alleged child abuse or neglect or who testifies or otherwise participates in a judicial proceeding arising from a report, petition, or investigation of alleged child abuse or neglect is immune from civil or criminal liability that might otherwise be incurred or imposed. (b) Immunity from civil and criminal liability extends to an authorized volunteer of the department or a law enforcement officer who participates at the request of the department in an investigation of alleged or suspected abuse or neglect or in an action arising from an investigation if the person was acting in good faith and in the scope of the person's responsibilities. (c) A person who reports the person's own abuse or neglect of a child or who acts in bad faith or with malicious purpose in reporting alleged child abuse or neglect is not immune from civil or criminal liability. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 91, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Sec. 261.107. FALSE REPORT; CRIMINAL PENALTY; CIVIL PENALTY. (a) A person commits an offense if, with the intent to deceive, the person knowingly makes a report as provided in this chapter that is false. An offense under this subsection is a state jail felony unless it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person has previously been convicted under this section, in which case the offense is a felony of the third degree. (b) A finding by a court in a suit affecting the parent-child relationship that a report made under this chapter before or during the suit was false or lacking factual foundation may be grounds for the court to modify an order providing for possession of or access to the child who was the subject of the report by restricting further access to the child by the person who made the report. (c) The appropriate county prosecuting attorney shall be responsible for the prosecution of an offense under this section. (d) The court shall order a person who is convicted of an offense under Subsection (a) to pay any reasonable attorney's fees incurred by the person who was falsely accused of abuse or neglect in any proceeding relating to the false report. (e) A person who engages in conduct described by Subsection (a) is liable to the state for a civil penalty of $1,000. The attorney general shall bring an action to recover a civil penalty authorized by this subsection. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 92, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 575, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 68; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 6.30, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.13, 1.14(a), eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.108. FRIVOLOUS CLAIMS AGAINST PERSON REPORTING. (a) In this section: (1) "Claim" means an action or claim by a party, including a plaintiff, counterclaimant, cross-claimant, or third-party plaintiff, requesting recovery of damages. (2) "Defendant" means a party against whom a claim is made. (b) A court shall award a defendant reasonable attorney's fees and other expenses related to the defense of a claim filed against the defendant for damages or other relief arising from reporting or assisting in the investigation of a report under this chapter or participating in a judicial proceeding resulting from the report if: (1) the court finds that the claim is frivolous, unreasonable, or without foundation because the defendant is immune from liability under Section 261.106; and (2) the claim is dismissed or judgment is rendered for the defendant. (c) To recover under this section, the defendant must, at any time after the filing of a claim, file a written motion stating that: (1) the claim is frivolous, unreasonable, or without foundation because the defendant is immune from liability under Section 261.106; and (2) the defendant requests the court to award reasonable attorney's fees and other expenses related to the defense of the claim. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Sec. 261.109. FAILURE TO REPORT; PENALTY. (a) A person commits an offense if the person has cause to believe that a child's physical or mental health or welfare has been or may be adversely affected by abuse or neglect and knowingly fails to report as provided in this chapter. (b) An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Sec. 261.110. EMPLOYER RETALIATION PROHIBITED. (a) In this section, "professional" has the meaning assigned by Section 261.101(b). (b) An employer may not suspend or terminate the employment of, or otherwise discriminate against, a person who is a professional and who in good faith: (1) reports child abuse or neglect to: (A) the person's supervisor; (B) an administrator of the facility where the person is employed; (C) a state regulatory agency; or (D) a law enforcement agency; or (2) initiates or cooperates with an investigation or proceeding by a governmental entity relating to an allegation of child abuse or neglect. (c) A person whose employment is suspended or terminated or who is otherwise discriminated against in violation of this section may sue for injunctive relief, damages, or both. (d) A plaintiff who prevails in a suit under this section may recover: (1) actual damages, including damages for mental anguish even if an injury other than mental anguish is not shown; (2) exemplary damages under Chapter 41, Civil Practice and Remedies Code, if the employer is a private employer; (3) court costs; and (4) reasonable attorney's fees. (e) In addition to amounts recovered under Subsection (d), a plaintiff who prevails in a suit under this section is entitled to: (1) reinstatement to the person's former position or a position that is comparable in terms of compensation, benefits, and other conditions of employment; (2) reinstatement of any fringe benefits and seniority rights lost because of the suspension, termination, or discrimination; and (3) compensation for wages lost during the period of suspension or termination. (f) A public employee who alleges a violation of this section may sue the employing state or local governmental entity for the relief provided for by this section. Sovereign immunity is waived and abolished to the extent of liability created by this section. A person having a claim under this section may sue a governmental unit for damages allowed by this section. (g) In a suit under this section against an employing state or local governmental entity, a plaintiff may not recover compensatory damages for future pecuniary losses, emotional pain, suffering, inconvenience, mental anguish, loss of enjoyment of life, and other nonpecuniary losses in an amount that exceeds: (1) $50,000, if the employing state or local governmental entity has fewer than 101 employees in each of 20 or more calendar weeks in the calendar year in which the suit is filed or in the preceding year; (2) $100,000, if the employing state or local governmental entity has more than 100 and fewer than 201 employees in each of 20 or more calendar weeks in the calendar year in which the suit is filed or in the preceding year; (3) $200,000, if the employing state or local governmental entity has more than 200 and fewer than 501 employees in each of 20 or more calendar weeks in the calendar year in which the suit is filed or in the preceding year; and (4) $250,000, if the employing state or local governmental entity has more than 500 employees in each of 20 or more calendar weeks in the calendar year in which the suit is filed or in the preceding year. (h) If more than one subdivision of Subsection (g) applies to an employing state or local governmental entity, the amount of monetary damages that may be recovered from the entity in a suit brought under this section is governed by the applicable provision that provides the highest damage award. (i) A plaintiff suing under this section has the burden of proof, except that there is a rebuttable presumption that the plaintiff's employment was suspended or terminated or that the plaintiff was otherwise discriminated against for reporting abuse or neglect if the suspension, termination, or discrimination occurs before the 61st day after the date on which the person made a report in good faith. (j) A suit under this section may be brought in a district or county court of the county in which: (1) the plaintiff was employed by the defendant; or (2) the defendant conducts business. (k) It is an affirmative defense to a suit under Subsection (b) that an employer would have taken the action against the employee that forms the basis of the suit based solely on information, observation, or evidence that is not related to the fact that the employee reported child abuse or neglect or initiated or cooperated with an investigation or proceeding relating to an allegation of child abuse or neglect. (l) A public employee who has a cause of action under Chapter 554, Government Code, based on conduct described by Subsection (b) may not bring an action based on that conduct under this section. (m) This section does not apply to a person who reports the person's own abuse or neglect of a child or who initiates or cooperates with an investigation or proceeding by a governmental entity relating to an allegation of the person's own abuse or neglect of a child. Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 896, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Sec. 261.111. REFUSAL OF PSYCHIATRIC OR PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF CHILD. (a) In this section, "psychotropic drug" means a substance that is: (1) used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a disease or as a component of a medication; and (2) intended to have an altering effect on perception, emotion, or behavior. (b) The refusal of a parent, guardian, or managing or possessory conservator of a child to administer or consent to the administration of a psychotropic drug to the child, or to consent to any other psychiatric or psychological treatment of the child, does not by itself constitute neglect of the child unless the refusal to consent: (1) presents a substantial risk of death, disfigurement, or bodily injury to the child; or (2) has resulted in an observable and material impairment to the growth, development, or functioning of the child. Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1008, Sec. 3, eff. June 20, 2003. SUBCHAPTER C. CONFIDENTIALITY AND PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATION Sec. 261.201. CONFIDENTIALITY AND DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION. (a) The following information is confidential, is not subject to public release under Chapter 552, Government Code, and may be disclosed only for purposes consistent with this code and applicable federal or state law or under rules adopted by an investigating agency: (1) a report of alleged or suspected abuse or neglect made under this chapter and the identity of the person making the report; and (2) except as otherwise provided in this section, the files, reports, records, communications, audiotapes, videotapes, and working papers used or developed in an investigation under this chapter or in providing services as a result of an investigation. (b) A court may order the disclosure of information that is confidential under this section if: (1) a motion has been filed with the court requesting the release of the information; (2) a notice of hearing has been served on the investigating agency and all other interested parties; and (3) after hearing and an in camera review of the requested information, the court determines that the disclosure of the requested information is: (A) essential to the administration of justice; and (B) not likely to endanger the life or safety of: (i) a child who is the subject of the report of alleged or suspected abuse or neglect; (ii) a person who makes a report of alleged or suspected abuse or neglect; or (iii) any other person who participates in an investigation of reported abuse or neglect or who provides care for the child. (c) In addition to Subsection (b), a court, on its own motion, may order disclosure of information that is confidential under this section if: (1) the order is rendered at a hearing for which all parties have been given notice; (2) the court finds that disclosure of the information is: (A) essential to the administration of justice; and (B) not likely to endanger the life or safety of: (i) a child who is the subject of the report of alleged or suspected abuse or neglect; (ii) a person who makes a report of alleged or suspected abuse or neglect; or (iii) any other person who participates in an investigation of reported abuse or neglect or who provides care for the child; and (3) the order is reduced to writing or made on the record in open court. (d) The adoptive parents of a child who was the subject of an investigation and an adult who was the subject of an investigation as a child are entitled to examine and make copies of any report, record, working paper, or other information in the possession, custody, or control of the state that pertains to the history of the child. The department may edit the documents to protect the identity of the biological parents and any other person whose identity is confidential, unless this information is already known to the adoptive parents or is readily available through other sources, including the court records of a suit to terminate the parent-child relationship under Chapter 161. (e) Before placing a child who was the subject of an investigation, the department shall notify the prospective adoptive parents of their right to examine any report, record, working paper, or other information in the possession, custody, or control of the state that pertains to the history of the child. (f) The department shall provide prospective adoptive parents an opportunity to examine information under this section as early as practicable before placing a child. (f-1) The department shall provide to a relative or other individual with whom a child is placed any information the department considers necessary to ensure that the relative or other individual is prepared to meet the needs of the child. The information required by this subsection may include information related to any abuse or neglect suffered by the child. (g) Notwithstanding Subsection (b), the department, on request and subject to department rule, shall provide to the parent, managing conservator, or other legal representative of a child who is the subject of reported abuse or neglect information concerning the reported abuse or neglect that would otherwise be confidential under this section if the department has edited the information to protect the confidentiality of the identity of the person who made the report and any other person whose life or safety may be endangered by the disclosure. (h) This section does not apply to an investigation of child abuse or neglect in a home or facility regulated under Chapter 42, Human Resources Code. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 93, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 575, Sec. 12, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 69, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1150, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1390, Sec. 22, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 68, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.15, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.202. PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATION. In a proceeding regarding the abuse or neglect of a child, evidence may not be excluded on the ground of privileged communication except in the case of communications between an attorney and client. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. SUBCHAPTER D. INVESTIGATIONS Sec. 261.301. INVESTIGATION OF REPORT. (a) With assistance from the appropriate state or local law enforcement agency as provided by this section, the department or designated agency shall make a prompt and thorough investigation of a report of child abuse or neglect allegedly committed by a person responsible for a child's care, custody, or welfare. The investigation shall be conducted without regard to any pending suit affecting the parent-child relationship. (b) A state agency shall investigate a report that alleges abuse or neglect occurred in a facility operated, licensed, certified, or registered by that agency as provided by Subchapter E. In conducting an investigation for a facility operated, licensed, certified, registered, or listed by the department, the department shall perform the investigation as provided by: (1) Subchapter E; and (2) the Human Resources Code. (c) The department is not required to investigate a report that alleges child abuse or neglect by a person other than a person responsible for a child's care, custody, or welfare. The appropriate state or local law enforcement agency shall investigate that report if the agency determines an investigation should be conducted. (d) The department shall by rule assign priorities and prescribe investigative procedures for investigations based on the severity and immediacy of the alleged harm to the child. The primary purpose of the investigation shall be the protection of the child. The rules must require the department, subject to the availability of funds, to: (1) immediately respond to a report of abuse and neglect that involves circumstances in which the death of the child or substantial bodily harm to the child would result unless the department immediately intervenes; (2) respond within 24 hours to a report of abuse and neglect that is assigned the highest priority, other than a report described by Subdivision (1); and (3) respond within 72 hours to a report of abuse and neglect that is assigned the second highest priority. (e) As necessary to provide for the protection of the child, the department or designated agency shall determine: (1) the nature, extent, and cause of the abuse or neglect; (2) the identity of the person responsible for the abuse or neglect; (3) the names and conditions of the other children in the home; (4) an evaluation of the parents or persons responsible for the care of the child; (5) the adequacy of the home environment; (6) the relationship of the child to the persons responsible for the care, custody, or welfare of the child; and (7) all other pertinent data. (f) An investigation of a report to the department that alleges that a child has been or may be the victim of conduct that constitutes a criminal offense that poses an immediate risk of physical or sexual abuse of a child that could result in the death of or serious harm to the child shall be conducted jointly by a peace officer, as defined by Article 2.12, Code of Criminal Procedure, from the appropriate local law enforcement agency and the department or the agency responsible for conducting an investigation under Subchapter E. (g) The inability or unwillingness of a local law enforcement agency to conduct a joint investigation under this section does not constitute grounds to prevent or prohibit the department from performing its duties under this subtitle. The department shall document any instance in which a law enforcement agency is unable or unwilling to conduct a joint investigation under this section. (h) The department and the appropriate local law enforcement agency shall conduct an investigation, other than an investigation under Subchapter E, as provided by this section and Article 2.27, Code of Criminal Procedure, if the investigation is of a report that alleges that a child has been or may be the victim of conduct that constitutes a criminal offense that poses an immediate risk of physical or sexual abuse of a child that could result in the death of or serious harm to the child. Immediately on receipt of a report described by this subsection, the department shall notify the appropriate local law enforcement agency of the report. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 94, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 943, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 70, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1137, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1150, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1390, Sec. 23, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 867, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.16(a), eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.3011. JOINT INVESTIGATION GUIDELINES AND TRAINING. (a) The department shall, in consultation with the appropriate law enforcement agencies, develop guidelines and protocols for joint investigations by the department and the law enforcement agency under Section 261.301. The guidelines and protocols must: (1) clarify the respective roles of the department and law enforcement agency in conducting the investigation; (2) require that mutual child protective services and law enforcement training and agreements be implemented by both entities to ensure the integrity and best outcomes of joint investigations; and (3) incorporate the use of forensic methods in determining the occurrence of child abuse and neglect. (b) The department shall collaborate with law enforcement agencies to provide to department investigators and law enforcement officers responsible for investigating reports of abuse and neglect joint training relating to methods to effectively conduct joint investigations under Section 261.301. The training must include information on interviewing techniques, evidence gathering, and testifying in court for criminal investigations, as well as instruction on rights provided by the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.17, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.3012. COMPLETION OF PAPERWORK. An employee of the department who responds to a report that is assigned the highest priority in accordance with department rules adopted under Section 261.301(d) shall identify, to the extent reasonable under the circumstances, forms and other paperwork that can be completed by members of the family of the child who is the subject of the report. The department employee shall request the assistance of the child's family members in completing that documentation but remains responsible for ensuring that the documentation is completed in an appropriate manner. Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 55, Sec. 1, eff. May 17, 2005; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.18, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.3015. FLEXIBLE RESPONSE SYSTEM. (a) In assigning priorities and prescribing investigative procedures based on the severity and immediacy of the alleged harm to a child under Section 261.301(d), the department shall establish a flexible response system to allow the department to make the most effective use of resources by investigating serious cases of abuse and neglect and by screening out less serious cases of abuse and neglect if the department determines, after contacting a professional or other credible source, that the child's safety can be assured without further investigation. The department may administratively close the less serious cases without providing services or making a referral to another entity for assistance. (a-1) For purposes of Subsection (a), a case is considered to be a less serious case of abuse or neglect if the circumstances of the case do not indicate an immediate risk of abuse or neglect that could result in the death of or serious harm to the child who is the subject of the case. (b) The classification under the flexible response system of a case may be changed as warranted by the circumstances. (c) The department may implement the flexible response system by establishing a pilot program in a single department service region. The department shall study the results of the system in the region in determining the method by which to implement the system statewide. Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 71, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.19(a), eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.3016. TRAINING OF PERSONNEL RECEIVING REPORTS OF ABUSE AND NEGLECT. The department shall develop, in cooperation with local law enforcement officials and the Commission on State Emergency Communications, a training program for department personnel who receive reports of abuse and neglect. The training program must include information on: (1) the proper methods of screening reports of abuse and neglect; and (2) ways to determine the seriousness of a report, including determining whether a report alleges circumstances that could result in the death of or serious harm to a child or whether the report is less serious in nature. Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 54, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2005; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.20, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.302. CONDUCT OF INVESTIGATION. (a) The investigation may include: (1) a visit to the child's home, unless the alleged abuse or neglect can be confirmed or clearly ruled out without a home visit; and (2) an interview with and examination of the subject child, which may include a medical, psychological, or psychiatric examination. (b) The interview with and examination of the child may: (1) be conducted at any reasonable time and place, including the child's home or the child's school; (2) include the presence of persons the department or designated agency determines are necessary; and (3) include transporting the child for purposes relating to the interview or investigation. (b-1) Before the department may transport a child as provided by Subsection (b)(3), the department shall attempt to notify the parent or other person having custody of the child of the transport. (c) The investigation may include an interview with the child's parents and an interview with and medical, psychological, or psychiatric examination of any child in the home. (d) If, before an investigation is completed, the investigating agency believes that the immediate removal of a child from the child's home is necessary to protect the child from further abuse or neglect, the investigating agency shall file a petition or take other action under Chapter 262 to provide for the temporary care and protection of the child. (e) An interview with a child conducted by the department during the investigation stage shall be audiotaped or videotaped. An interview with a child alleged to be a victim of physical abuse or sexual abuse conducted by an investigating agency other than the department shall be audiotaped or videotaped unless the investigating agency determines that good cause exists for not audiotaping or videotaping the interview in accordance with rules of the agency. Good cause may include, but is not limited to, such considerations as the age of the child and the nature and seriousness of the allegations under investigation. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed as prohibiting the investigating agency from audiotaping or videotaping an interview of a child on any case for which such audiotaping or videotaping is not required under this subsection. The fact that the investigating agency failed to audiotape or videotape an interview is admissible at the trial of the offense that is the subject of the interview. (f) A person commits an offense if the person is notified of the time of the transport of a child by the department and the location from which the transport is initiated and the person is present at the location when the transport is initiated and attempts to interfere with the department's investigation. An offense under this subsection is a Class B misdemeanor. It is an exception to the application of this subsection that the department requested the person to be present at the site of the transport. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 95, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 575, Sec. 13, 14, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 73, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.21, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.3021. CASEWORK DOCUMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT. Subject to the appropriation of money for these purposes, the department shall: (1) identify critical investigation actions that impact child safety and require department caseworkers to document those actions in a child's case file not later than the day after the action occurs; (2) identify and develop a comprehensive set of casework quality indicators that must be reported in real time to support timely management oversight; (3) provide department supervisors with access to casework quality indicators and train department supervisors on the use of that information in the daily supervision of caseworkers; (4) develop a case tracking system that notifies department supervisors and management when a case is not progressing in a timely manner; (5) use current data reporting systems to provide department supervisors and management with easier access to information; and (6) train department supervisors and management on the use of data to monitor cases and make decisions. Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.22, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.3022. CHILD SAFETY CHECK ALERT LIST. (a) Subject to the availability of funds, the Department of Public Safety of the State of Texas shall create a child safety check alert list as part of the Texas Crime Information Center to help locate a family for purposes of investigating a report of child abuse or neglect. (b) If the child safety check alert list is established and the department is unable to locate a family for purposes of investigating a report of child abuse or neglect, after the department has exhausted all means available to the department for locating the family, the department may seek assistance under this section from the appropriate county attorney, district attorney, or criminal district attorney with responsibility for representing the department as provided by Section 264.009. (c) If the department requests assistance, the county attorney, district attorney, or criminal district attorney, as applicable, may file an application with the court requesting the issuance of an ex parte order requiring the Texas Crime Information Center to place the members of the family the department is attempting to locate on a child safety check alert list. The application must include a summary of: (1) the report of child abuse or neglect the department is attempting to investigate; and (2) the department's efforts to locate the family. (d) If the court determines after a hearing that the department has exhausted all means available to the department for locating the family, the court shall approve the application and order the appropriate law enforcement agency to notify the Texas Crime Information Center to place the family on a child safety check alert list. The alert list must include: (1) the name of the family member alleged to have abused or neglected a child according to the report the department is attempting to investigate; (2) the name of the child who is the subject of the report; (3) a code identifying the type of child abuse or neglect alleged to have been committed against the child; (4) the family's last known address; and (5) the minimum criteria for an entry as established by the center. Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.22, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.3023. LAW ENFORCEMENT RESPONSE TO CHILD SAFETY CHECK ALERT. (a) If a law enforcement officer encounters a person listed on the Texas Crime Information Center's child safety check alert list who is alleged to have abused or neglected a child, or encounters a child listed on the alert list who is the subject of a report of child abuse or neglect the department is attempting to investigate, the officer shall request information from the person or the child regarding the child's well-being and current residence. (b) If the law enforcement officer determines that the circumstances described by Section 262.104 exist, the officer may take possession of the child without a court order as authorized by that section if the officer is able to locate the child. If the circumstances described by Section 262.104 do not exist, the officer shall obtain the child's current address and any other relevant information and report that information to the department. Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.22, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.3024. REMOVAL FROM CHILD SAFETY CHECK ALERT LIST. (a) A law enforcement officer who locates a child listed on the Texas Crime Information Center's child safety check alert list who is the subject of a report of child abuse or neglect the department is attempting to investigate and who reports the child's current address and other relevant information to the department under Section 261.3023 shall report to the Texas Crime Information Center that the child has been located. (b) If the department locates a child described by Subsection (a) through a means other than information reported by a law enforcement officer under Subsection (a), the department shall report to the Texas Crime Information Center that the child has been located. (c) On receipt of notice under this section that a child has been located, the Texas Crime Information Center shall remove the child and the child's family from the child safety check alert list. Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.22, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.303. INTERFERENCE WITH INVESTIGATION; COURT ORDER. (a) A person may not interfere with an investigation of a report of child abuse or neglect conducted by the department or designated agency. (b) If admission to the home, school, or any place where the child may be cannot be obtained, then for good cause shown the court having family law jurisdiction shall order the parent, the person responsible for the care of the children, or the person in charge of any place where the child may be to allow entrance for the interview, examination, and investigation. (c) If a parent or person responsible for the child's care does not consent to release of the child's prior medical, psychological, or psychiatric records or to a medical, psychological, or psychiatric examination of the child that is requested by the department or designated agency, the court having family law jurisdiction shall, for good cause shown, order the records to be released or the examination to be made at the times and places designated by the court. (d) A person, including a medical facility, that makes a report under Subchapter B shall release to the department or designated agency, as part of the required report under Section 261.103, records that directly relate to the suspected abuse or neglect without requiring parental consent or a court order. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 96, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1150, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1390, Sec. 24, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Sec. 261.3031. FAILURE TO COOPERATE WITH INVESTIGATION; DEPARTMENT RESPONSE. If a parent or other person refuses to cooperate with the department's investigation of the alleged abuse or neglect of a child and the refusal poses a risk to the child's safety, the department shall seek assistance from the appropriate county attorney or district attorney or criminal district attorney with responsibility for representing the department as provided by Section 264.009 to obtain a court order as described by Section 261.303. Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.23, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.3032. INTERFERENCE WITH INVESTIGATION; CRIMINAL PENALTY. (a) A person commits an offense if, with the intent to interfere with the department's investigation of a report of abuse or neglect of a child, the person relocates the person's residence, either temporarily or permanently, without notifying the department of the address of the person's new residence or conceals the child and the person's relocation or concealment interferes with the department's investigation. (b) An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor. (c) If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section or the other law. Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.24, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.304. INVESTIGATION OF ANONYMOUS REPORT. (a) If the department receives an anonymous report of child abuse or neglect by a person responsible for a child's care, custody, or welfare, the department shall conduct a preliminary investigation to determine whether there is any evidence to corroborate the report. (b) An investigation under this section may include a visit to the child's home and an interview with and examination of the child and an interview with the child's parents. In addition, the department may interview any other person the department believes may have relevant information. (c) Unless the department determines that there is some evidence to corroborate the report of abuse, the department may not conduct the thorough investigation required by this chapter or take any action against the person accused of abuse. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Sec. 261.305. ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH RECORDS. (a) An investigation may include an inquiry into the possibility that a parent or a person responsible for the care of a child who is the subject of a report under Subchapter B has a history of medical or mental illness. (b) If the parent or person does not consent to an examination or allow the department or designated agency to have access to medical or mental health records requested by the department or agency, the court having family law jurisdiction, for good cause shown, shall order the examination to be made or that the department or agency be permitted to have access to the records under terms and conditions prescribed by the court. (c) If the court determines that the parent or person is indigent, the court shall appoint an attorney to represent the parent or person at the hearing. The fees for the appointed attorney shall be paid as provided by Chapter 107. (d) A parent or person responsible for the child's care is entitled to notice and a hearing when the department or designated agency seeks a court order to allow a medical, psychological, or psychiatric examination or access to medical or mental health records. (e) This access does not constitute a waiver of confidentiality. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 575, Sec. 15, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1150, Sec. 6, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1390, Sec. 25, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Sec. 261.306. REMOVAL OF CHILD FROM STATE. (a) If the department or designated agency has reason to believe that a person responsible for the care, custody, or welfare of the child may remove the child from the state before the investigation is completed, the department or designated agency may file an application for a temporary restraining order in a district court without regard to continuing jurisdiction of the child as provided in Chapter 155. (b) The court may render a temporary restraining order prohibiting the person from removing the child from the state pending completion of the investigation if the court: (1) finds that the department or designated agency has probable cause to conduct the investigation; and (2) has reason to believe that the person may remove the child from the state. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Sec. 261.307. INFORMATION RELATING TO INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE. (a) As soon as possible after initiating an investigation of a parent or other person having legal custody of a child, the department shall provide to the person: (1) a summary that: (A) is brief and easily understood; (B) is written in a language that the person understands, or if the person is illiterate, is read to the person in a language that the person understands; and (C) contains the following information: (i) the department's procedures for conducting an investigation of alleged child abuse or neglect, including: (a) a description of the circumstances under which the department would request to remove the child from the home through the judicial system; and (b) an explanation that the law requires the department to refer all reports of alleged child abuse or neglect to a law enforcement agency for a separate determination of whether a criminal violation occurred; (ii) the person's right to file a complaint with the department or to request a review of the findings made by the department in the investigation; (iii) the person's right to review all records of the investigation unless the review would jeopardize an ongoing criminal investigation or the child's safety; (iv) the person's right to seek legal counsel; (v) references to the statutory and regulatory provisions governing child abuse and neglect and how the person may obtain copies of those provisions; and (vi) the process the person may use to acquire access to the child if the child is removed from the home; (2) if the department determines that removal of the child may be warranted, a proposed child placement resources form that: (A) instructs the parent or other person having legal custody of the child to: (i) complete and return the form to the department or agency; and (ii) identify in the form three individuals who could be relative caregivers or designated caregivers, as those terms are defined by Section 264.751; and (B) informs the parent or other person of a location that is available to the parent or other person to submit the information in the form 24 hours a day either in person or by facsimile machine or e-mail; and (3) an informational manual required by Section 261.3071. (b) The child placement resources form described by Subsection (a)(2) must include information on the periods of time by which the department must complete a background check. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.25(a), eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.3071. INFORMATIONAL MANUALS. (a) In this section, "relative caregiver" and "designated caregiver" have the meanings assigned those terms by Section 264.751. (b) The department shall develop and publish informational manuals that provide information for: (1) a parent or other person having custody of a child who is the subject of an investigation under this chapter; and (2) a person who is selected by the department to be the child's relative or designated caregiver. (c) Information provided in the manuals must be in both English and Spanish and must include, as appropriate: (1) useful indexes of information such as telephone numbers; (2) the information required to be provided under Section 261.307(a)(1); (3) information describing the rights and duties of a relative or designated caregiver; and (4) information regarding the relative and other designated caregiver program under Subchapter I, Chapter 264. Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.26, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.308. SUBMISSION OF INVESTIGATION REPORT. (a) The department or designated agency shall make a complete written report of the investigation. (b) If sufficient grounds for filing a suit exist, the department or designated agency shall submit the report, together with recommendations, to the court, the district attorney, and the appropriate law enforcement agency. (c) On receipt of the report and recommendations, the court may direct the department or designated agency to file a petition requesting appropriate relief as provided in this title. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 97, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Sec. 261.309. REVIEW OF DEPARTMENT INVESTIGATIONS. (a) The department shall by rule establish policies and procedures to resolve complaints relating to and conduct reviews of child abuse or neglect investigations conducted by the department. (b) If a person under investigation for allegedly abusing or neglecting a child requests clarification of the status of the person's case or files a complaint relating to the conduct of the department's staff or to department policy, the department shall conduct an informal review to clarify the person's status or resolve the complaint. The immediate supervisor of the employee who conducted the child abuse or neglect investigation or against whom the complaint was filed shall conduct the informal review as soon as possible but not later than the 14th day after the date the request or complaint is received. (c) If, after the department's investigation, the person who is alleged to have abused or neglected a child disputes the department's determination of whether child abuse or neglect occurred, the person may request an administrative review of the findings. A department employee in administration who was not involved in or did not directly supervise the investigation shall conduct the review. The review must sustain, alter, or reverse the department's original findings in the investigation. (d) Unless a civil or criminal court proceeding or an ongoing criminal investigation relating to the alleged abuse or neglect investigated by the department is pending, the department employee shall conduct the review prescribed by Subsection (c) as soon as possible but not later than the 45th day after the date the department receives the request. If a civil or criminal court proceeding or an ongoing criminal investigation is pending, the department may postpone the review until the court proceeding is completed. (e) A person is not required to exhaust the remedies provided by this section before pursuing a judicial remedy provided by law. (f) This section does not provide for a review of an order rendered by a court. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Sec. 261.310. INVESTIGATION STANDARDS. (a) The department shall by rule develop and adopt standards for persons who investigate suspected child abuse or neglect at the state or local level. The standards shall encourage professionalism and consistency in the investigation of suspected child abuse or neglect. (b) The standards must provide for a minimum number of hours of annual professional training for interviewers and investigators of suspected child abuse or neglect. (c) The professional training curriculum developed under this section shall include: (1) information concerning: (A) physical abuse and neglect, including distinguishing physical abuse from ordinary childhood injuries; (B) psychological abuse and neglect; (C) available treatment resources; and (D) the incidence and types of reports of child abuse and neglect that are received by the investigating agencies, including information concerning false reports; (2) law-enforcement-style training, including training relating to forensic interviewing and investigatory techniques and the collection of physical evidence; and (3) training regarding applicable federal law, including the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (Pub. L. No. 105-89) and the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (Pub. L. No. 93-247) and its subsequent amendments by the Keeping Children and Families Safe Act of 2003 (Pub. L. No. 108-36). (d) The standards shall: (1) recommend that videotaped and audiotaped interviews be uninterrupted; (2) recommend a maximum number of interviews with and examinations of a suspected victim; (3) provide procedures to preserve evidence, including the original recordings of the intake telephone calls, original notes, videotapes, and audiotapes, for one year; and (4) provide that an investigator of suspected child abuse or neglect make a reasonable effort to locate and inform each parent of a child of any report of abuse or neglect relating to the child. (e) The department, in conjunction with the Department of Public Safety, shall provide to the department's residential child-care facility licensing investigators advanced training in investigative protocols and techniques. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.27, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.3101. FORENSIC INVESTIGATION SUPPORT. The department shall, subject to the availability of money: (1) employ or contract with medical and law enforcement professionals who shall be strategically placed throughout the state to provide forensic investigation support and to assist caseworkers with assessment decisions and intervention activities; (2) employ or contract with subject matter experts to serve as consultants to department caseworkers in all aspects of their duties; and (3) designate persons who shall act as liaisons within the department whose primary functions are to develop relationships with local law enforcement agencies and courts. Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.28, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.311. NOTICE OF REPORT. (a) When during an investigation of a report of suspected child abuse or neglect a representative of the department or the designated agency conducts an interview with or an examination of a child, the department or designated agency shall make a reasonable effort before 24 hours after the time of the interview or examination to notify each parent of the child and the child's legal guardian, if one has been appointed, of the nature of the allegation and of the fact that the interview or examination was conducted. (b) If a report of suspected child abuse or neglect is administratively closed by the department or designated agency as a result of a preliminary investigation that did not include an interview or examination of the child, the department or designated agency shall make a reasonable effort before the expiration of 24 hours after the time the investigation is closed to notify each parent and legal guardian of the child of the disposition of the investigation. (c) The notice required by Subsection (a) or (b) is not required if the department or agency determines that the notice is likely to endanger the safety of the child who is the subject of the report, the person who made the report, or any other person who participates in the investigation of the report. (d) The notice required by Subsection (a) or (b) may be delayed at the request of a law enforcement agency if notification during the required time would interfere with an ongoing criminal investigation. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 74, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Sec. 261.312. REVIEW TEAMS; OFFENSE. (a) The department shall establish review teams to evaluate department casework and decision-making related to investigations by the department of child abuse or neglect. The department may create one or more review teams for each region of the department for child protective services. A review team is a citizen review panel or a similar entity for the purposes of federal law relating to a state's child protection standards. (b) A review team consists of five members who serve staggered two-year terms. Review team members are appointed by the director of the department and consist of community representatives and private citizens who live in the region for which the team is established. Each member must be a parent who has not been convicted of or indicted for an offense involving child abuse or neglect, has not been determined by the department to have engaged in child abuse or neglect, or is not under investigation by the department for child abuse or neglect. A member of a review team is a department volunteer for the purposes of Section 411.114, Government Code. (c) A review team conducting a review of an investigation may conduct the review by examining the facts of the case as outlined by the department caseworker and law enforcement personnel. A review team member acting in the member's official capacity may receive information made confidential under Section 40.005, Human Resources Code, or Section 261.201. (d) A review team shall report to the department the results of the team's review of an investigation. The review team's report may not include confidential information. The findings contained in a review team's report are subject to disclosure under Chapter 552, Government Code. This section does not require a law enforcement agency to divulge information to a review team that the agency believes would compromise an ongoing criminal case, investigation, or proceeding. (e) A member of a review team commits an offense if the member discloses confidential information. An offense under this subsection is a Class C misdemeanor. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 943, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 575, Sec. 16, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Sec. 261.3125. CHILD SAFETY SPECIALISTS. (a) The department shall employ in each of the department's administrative regions at least one child safety specialist. The job responsibilities of the child safety specialist must focus on child abuse and neglect investigation issues, including reports of child abuse required by Section 261.101, to achieve a greater compliance with that section, and on assessing and improving the effectiveness of the department in providing for the protection of children in the region. (b) The duties of a child safety specialist must include the duty to: (1) conduct staff reviews and evaluations of cases determined to involve a high risk to the health or safety of a child, including cases of abuse reported under Section 261.101, to ensure that risk assessment tools are fully and correctly used; (2) review and evaluate cases in which there have been multiple referrals to the department of child abuse or neglect involving the same family, child, or person alleged to have committed the abuse or neglect; and (3) approve decisions and assessments related to investigations of cases of child abuse or neglect that involve a high risk to the health or safety of a child. Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1490, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.29, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.3126. COLOCATION OF INVESTIGATORS. (a) In each county, to the extent possible, the department and the local law enforcement agencies that investigate child abuse in the county shall colocate in the same offices investigators from the department and the law enforcement agencies to improve the efficiency of child abuse investigations. With approval of the local children's advocacy center and its partner agencies, in each county in which a children's advocacy center established under Section 264.402 is located, the department shall attempt to locate investigators from the department and county and municipal law enforcement agencies at the center. (b) A law enforcement agency is not required to comply with the colocation requirements of this section if the law enforcement agency does not have a full-time peace officer solely assigned to investigate reports of child abuse and neglect. (c) If a county does not have a children's advocacy center, the department shall work with the local community to encourage one as provided by Section 264.402. Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.30, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.314. TESTING. (a) The department shall provide testing as necessary for the welfare of a child who the department believes, after an investigation under this chapter, has been sexually abused, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing of a child who was abused in a manner by which HIV may be transmitted. (b) Except as provided by Subsection (c), the results of a test under this section are confidential. (c) If requested, the department shall report the results of a test under this section to: (1) a court having jurisdiction of a proceeding involving the child or a proceeding involving a person suspected of abusing the child; (2) a person responsible for the care and custody of the child as a foster parent; and (3) a person seeking to adopt the child. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 943, Sec. 7, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Sec. 261.315. REMOVAL OF CERTAIN INVESTIGATION INFORMATION FROM RECORDS. (a) At the conclusion of an investigation in which the department determines that the person alleged to have abused or neglected a child did not commit abuse or neglect, the department shall notify the person of the person's right to request the department to remove information about the person's alleged role in the abuse or neglect report from the department's records. (b) On request under Subsection (a) by a person whom the department has determined did not commit abuse or neglect, the department shall remove information from the department's records concerning the person's alleged role in the abuse or neglect report. (c) The board shall adopt rules necessary to administer this section. Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1022, Sec. 75, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Sec. 261.316. EXEMPTION FROM FEES FOR MEDICAL RECORDS. The department is exempt from the payment of a fee otherwise required or authorized by law to obtain a medical record from a hospital or health care provider if the request for a record is made in the course of an investigation by the department. Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 575, Sec. 17, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Renumbered from Sec. 261.315 by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 19.01(27), eff. Sept. 1, 1999. SUBCHAPTER E. INVESTIGATIONS OF ABUSE, NEGLECT, OR EXPLOITATION IN CERTAIN FACILITIES Sec. 261.401. AGENCY INVESTIGATION. (a) Notwithstanding Section 261.001, in this section: (1) "Abuse" means an intentional, knowing, or reckless act or omission by an employee, volunteer, or other individual working under the auspices of a facility that causes or may cause emotional harm or physical injury to, or the death of, a child served by the facility as further described by rule or policy. (2) "Exploitation" means the illegal or improper use of a child or of the resources of a child for monetary or personal benefit, profit, or gain by an employee, volunteer, or other individual working under the auspices of a facility as further described by rule or policy. (3) "Neglect" means a negligent act or omission by an employee, volunteer, or other individual working under the auspices of a facility, including failure to comply with an individual treatment plan, plan of care, or individualized service plan, that causes or may cause substantial emotional harm or physical injury to, or the death of, a child served by the facility as further described by rule or policy. (b) A state agency that operates, licenses, certifies, or registers a facility in which children are located shall make a prompt, thorough investigation of a report that a child has been or may be abused, neglected, or exploited in the facility. The primary purpose of the investigation shall be the protection of the child. (c) A state agency shall adopt rules relating to the investigation and resolution of reports received as provided by this subchapter. The Health and Human Services Commission shall review and approve the rules of agencies other than the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Texas Youth Commission, or Texas Juvenile Probation Commission to ensure that those agencies implement appropriate standards for the conduct of investigations and that uniformity exists among agencies in the investigation and resolution of reports. (d) The Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired and the Texas School for the Deaf shall adopt policies relating to the investigation and resolution of reports received as provided by this subchapter. The Health and Human Services Commission shall review and approve the policies to ensure that the Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired and the Texas School for the Deaf adopt those policies in a manner consistent with the minimum standards adopted by the Health and Human Services Commission under Section 261.407. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 98, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 355, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Sec. 261.402. INVESTIGATIVE REPORTS. (a) A state agency shall prepare and keep on file a complete written report of each investigation conducted by the agency under this subchapter. (b) A state agency shall immediately notify the appropriate state or local law enforcement agency of any report the agency receives, other than a report from a law enforcement agency, that concerns the suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of a child or the death of a child from abuse or neglect. If the state agency finds evidence indicating that a child may have been abused, neglected, or exploited, the agency shall report the evidence to the appropriate law enforcement agency. (c) A state agency that licenses, certifies, or registers a facility in which children are located shall compile, maintain, and make available statistics on the incidence of child abuse, neglect, and exploitation in the facility. (d) A state agency shall compile, maintain, and make available statistics on the incidence of child abuse, neglect, and exploitation in a facility operated by the state agency. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 99, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 355, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Sec. 261.403. COMPLAINTS. (a) If a state agency receives a complaint relating to an investigation conducted by the agency concerning a facility operated by that agency in which children are located, the agency shall refer the complaint to the agency's board. (b) The board of a state agency that operates a facility in which children are located shall ensure that the procedure for investigating abuse, neglect, and exploitation allegations and inquiries in the agency's facility is periodically reviewed under the agency's internal audit program required by Chapter 2102, Government Code. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 355, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Sec. 261.404. INVESTIGATIONS IN FACILITIES UNDER DEPARTMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL RETARDATION. (a) The department shall investigate a report of abuse, neglect, or exploitation of a child receiving services: (1) in a facility operated by the Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation; (2) in or from a community center, a local mental health authority, or a local mental retardation authority; or (3) through a program providing services to that child by contract with a facility operated by the Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation, a community center, a local mental health authority, or a local mental retardation authority. (b) The department shall investigate the report under rules developed jointly between the department and the Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation. (c) The definitions of "abuse" and "neglect" prescribed by Section 261.001 do not apply to an investigation under this section. (d) In this section, "community center," "local mental health authority," and "local mental retardation authority" have the meanings assigned by Section 531.002, Health and Safety Code. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 100, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 907, Sec. 39, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Sec. 261.405. INVESTIGATIONS IN JUVENILE JUSTICE PROGRAMS AND FACILITIES. (a) In this section: (1) "Juvenile justice facility" means a facility operated wholly or partly by the juvenile board or by a private vendor under a contract with the juvenile board or county that serves juveniles under juvenile court jurisdiction. The term includes: (A) a public or private juvenile pre-adjudication secure detention facility, including a holdover facility; (B) a public or private juvenile post-adjudication secure correctional facility except for a facility operated solely for children committed to the Texas Youth Commission; and (C) a public or private non-secure juvenile post-adjudication residential treatment facility that is not licensed by the Department of Protective and Regulatory Services or the Texas Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse. (2) "Juvenile justice program" means a program operated wholly or partly by the juvenile board or by a private vendor under a contract with a juvenile board that serves juveniles under juvenile court jurisdiction. The term includes: (A) a juvenile justice alternative education program; and (B) a non-residential program that serves juvenile offenders under the jurisdiction of the juvenile court. (b) A report of alleged abuse, neglect, or exploitation in any juvenile justice program or facility shall be made to the Texas Juvenile Probation Commission and a local law enforcement agency for investigation. (c) The Texas Juvenile Probation Commission shall conduct an investigation as provided by this chapter if the commission receives a report of alleged abuse, neglect, or exploitation in any juvenile justice program or facility. (d) In an investigation required under this section, the investigating agency shall have access to medical and mental health records as provided by Subchapter D. (e) As soon as practicable after a child is taken into custody or placed in a juvenile justice facility or juvenile justice program, the facility or program shall provide the child's parents with: (1) information regarding the reporting of suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of a child in a juvenile justice facility or juvenile justice program to the Texas Juvenile Probation Commission; and (2) the commission's toll-free number for this reporting. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 100, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 162, Sec. 2; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1374, Sec. 8, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1150, Sec. 7, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1390, Sec. 26, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1477, Sec. 26, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1297, Sec. 47, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 283, Sec. 29, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 949, Sec. 28, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.406. INVESTIGATIONS IN SCHOOLS. (a) On receipt of a report of alleged or suspected abuse or neglect of a child in a public or private school under the jurisdiction of the Texas Education Agency, the department shall perform an investigation as provided by this chapter. (b) The department shall send a written report of the department's investigation, as appropriate, to the Texas Education Agency, the agency responsible for teacher certification, the local school board or the school's governing body, the superintendent of the school district, and the school principal or director, unless the principal or director is alleged to have committed the abuse or neglect, for appropriate action. On request, the department shall provide a copy of the report of investigation to the parent, managing conservator, or legal guardian of a child who is the subject of the investigation and to the person alleged to have committed the abuse or neglect. The report of investigation shall be edited to protect the identity of the persons who made the report of abuse or neglect. Section 261.201(b) applies to the release of confidential information relating to the investigation of a report of abuse or neglect under this section and to the identity of the person who made the report of abuse or neglect. (c) Nothing in this section may prevent a law enforcement agency from conducting an investigation of a report made under this section. (d) The Board of Protective and Regulatory Services shall adopt rules necessary to implement this section. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 100, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 575, Sec. 18, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1150, Sec. 8, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1390, Sec. 27, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 213, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2005. Sec. 261.407. MINIMUM STANDARDS. (a) The Health and Human Services Commission by rule shall adopt minimum standards for the investigation under Section 261.401 of suspected child abuse, neglect, or exploitation in a facility. (b) A rule or policy adopted by a state agency or institution under Section 261.401 must be consistent with the minimum standards adopted by the Health and Human Services Commission. (c) This section does not apply to a facility under the jurisdiction of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Texas Youth Commission, or Texas Juvenile Probation Commission. Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 355, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Sec. 261.408. INFORMATION COLLECTION. (a) The Health and Human Services Commission by rule shall adopt uniform procedures for collecting information under Section 261.401, including procedures for collecting information on deaths that occur in facilities. (b) The department shall receive and compile information on investigations in facilities. An agency submitting information to the department is responsible for ensuring the timeliness, accuracy, completeness, and retention of the agency's reports. (c) This section does not apply to a facility under the jurisdiction of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Texas Youth Commission, or Texas Juvenile Probation Commission. Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 355, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Sec. 261.409. INVESTIGATIONS IN FACILITIES UNDER TEXAS YOUTH COMMISSION JURISDICTION. The board of the Texas Youth Commission by rule shall adopt standards for: (1) the investigation under Section 261.401 of suspected child abuse, neglect, or exploitation in a facility under the jurisdiction of the Texas Youth Commission; and (2) compiling information on those investigations. Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 355, Sec. 6, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Sec. 261.410. REPORT OF ABUSE BY OTHER CHILDREN. (a) In this section: (1) "Physical abuse" means: (A) physical injury that results in substantial harm to the child requiring emergency medical treatment and excluding an accident or reasonable discipline by a parent, guardian, or managing or possessory conservator that does not expose the child to a substantial risk of harm; or (B) failure to make a reasonable effort to prevent an action by another person that results in physical injury that results in substantial harm to the child. (2) "Sexual abuse" means: (A) sexual conduct harmful to a child's mental, emotional, or physical welfare; or (B) failure to make a reasonable effort to prevent sexual conduct harmful to a child. (b) An agency that operates, licenses, certifies, or registers a facility shall require a residential child-care facility to report each incident of physical or sexual abuse committed by a child against another child. (c) Using information received under Subsection (b), the agency that operates, licenses, certifies, or registers a facility shall, subject to the availability of funds, compile a report that includes information: (1) regarding the number of cases of physical and sexual abuse committed by a child against another child; (2) identifying the residential child-care facility; (3) regarding the date each allegation of abuse was made; (4) regarding the date each investigation was started and concluded; (5) regarding the findings and results of each investigation; and (6) regarding the number of children involved in each incident investigated. Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 268, Sec. 1.31, eff. Sept. 1, 2005.